Qur’ānic Christianity: Exploring Qur’ānic Verses that Deal with Christian Theological and Christological Doctrines
Open AccessThis work examines the theological and Christological pronouncements in the Qur’ān in order to identify the Christian theological beliefs that are being addressed from among the wide spectrum of orthodox and heterodox theological constructions about God and Christ appearing in history. The work reviews the struggles about doctrine that existed from the 1st to the 5th centuries AD. Ultimately, the belief about Christ’s divinity, the codification of the relationship between Jesus and God, and the debates about the divine and human natures of Christ, are identified as the key issues in these struggles. This work identifies issues the believing Muslim examiner of the Qur’ān may encounter including when utilizing secular scholarship, and how acceptance of the traditional Islamic viewpoint of the Qur’ān as the Word of God yields a different analysis of verses addressing Christianity. The so-called “trinitarian verses,” verses about Divine Sonship, and sūrah al-ikhlaṣ are examined. This yields the conclusions that the Qur’ān seems to address adoptionist Christology, “incarnation” Christology, and possibly a wide swath of trinitarian formations, including what was eventually codified as the orthodox Christian Trinity, rather than a heterodox version. Furthermore, although the orthodox Trinity does not consider God to be a mere part of the Trinity, verses 5:72-75 may be asserting an alternate viewpoint about this consideration.
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