This thesis examines the pregnancy and birth mechanics of Homo neanderthalensis using a comparative evolutionary framework that moves beyond the bony pelvis alone. It argues that Neanderthal parturition must be interpreted by integrating pelvic morphology, fetal cranial dimensions, inferred soft tissue function, maternal posture, and reproductive genetics. By reviewing the evolution of hominin pelvic anatomy from great apes through Ardipithecus, Australopithecus, Paranthropus, early Homo, and modern humans, this review demonstrates that obstetric constraint emerged gradually in concert with changes in locomotion and trunk organization. We argue that the influence of encephalization came much later. Additionally, an examination of the fossil, virtual reconstruction, biomechanical, and genetic evidence relevant to Neanderthal childbirth suggests birth mechanics characterized by significant cephalopelvic negotiation, though the extent of fetal rotation remains debated. Taken together, evidence from trunk form, muscle attachments, lumbar curvature, and the Neanderthal-derived progesterone receptor haplotype indicates that Neanderthal pregnancy and parturition are best understood as parts of a complex and integrated reproductive system. These findings reinforce the idea that childbirth mechanics are significant not only for individual mothers and their infants, but also carry implications for population size and stability, and for Neanderthals, their population decline and eventual extinction.

Author

• Little, Amy Lauren

Language

• en

Keyword

• Hominin pelvic evolution
• Homo neanderthalensis
• Neanderthal obstetrics
• Paleo obstetrics
• Reproductive evolution
• Obstetric biomechanics

Date created

• 2026

Type of Work

• Master's Thesis

License

• All rights reserved

Rights statement

• In Copyright

GW Unit

• Human Paleobiology

Degree

• M.S.

Advisor

• Wood, Bernard A

Persistent URL

•  https://scholarspace.library.gwu.edu/etd/qb98mg49w