Magnetic and Magnetostrictive Characterization and Modeling of High Strength Steel
Open AccessHigh strength steels exhibit small amounts of magnetostriction, which is a useful property for non-destructive testing amongst other things. This property cannot currently be fully utilized due to a lack of adequate measurements and models. This thesis reports measurements of these material parameters, and derives a model using these parameters to predict magnetization changes due to the application of compressive stresses and magnetic fields. The resulting Preisach model, coupled with COMSOL Multiphysics® finite element modeling, accurately predicts the magnetization change seen in a separate high strength steel sample previously measured by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. Three sets of measurements on low-carbon, low-alloy high strength steel are introduced in this research. The first experiment measured magnetostriction in steel rods under uniaxial compressive stresses and magnetic fields. The second experiment consisted of magnetostriction and magnetization measurements of the same steel rods under the influence of bi-axially applied magnetic fields. The final experiment quantified the small effect that temperature has on magnetization of steels. The experiments demonstrated that the widely used approximation of stress as an "effective field" is inadequate, and that temperatures between -50 and 100 °C cause minimal changes in magnetization.Preisach model parameters for the prediction of the magnetomechanical effect were derived from the experiments. The resulting model accurately predicts experimentally derived major and minor loops for a high strength steel sample, including the bulging and coincident points attributed to compressive stresses. A framework is presented which couples the uniaxial magnetomechanical model with a finite element package, and was used successfully to predict experimentally measured magnetization changes on a complex sample. These results show that a 1-D magnetomechanical model can be applied to predict 3-D magnetization changes due to stress, if adequately coupled.
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