Sustainable Synthesis of Rationally Designed Graphite and Graphitic Carbonaceous Materials
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The conversion of biochar and coal char to highly crystalline, highly pure graphite, a high value, strategic, and critical material and the rational design of flake graphite agglomerates, shapes and morphologies tailored for applications in lithium-ion battery anodes are reported. This highly efficient process allows morphological control and engineering of graphite agglomerates. In contrast to current graphite production, synthetic or natural, this process is environmentally friendly and not limited in capability to meet demand. This process can also be modified to synthesize Multilayered Graphene NanoShells (MGNS), Carbon NanoTubes (CNTs), as well as Carbon NanoChains (CNCs), all of which is presented in this thesis. The rational control over the process is demonstrated with graphite and MGNS, and suggests that same control over the CNT and CNC formation, length, diameter, and wall thickness is possible.
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