Osteoarthritis and degenerative joint disease are largely intractable and difficult to address with current traditional surgical methods due to the poor inherent regenerative capacity, complex stratified architecture, and disparate biomechanical properties of the host tissue and implanted graft....
Cartilage defects, which are caused by a variety of reasons such as traumatic injuries, osteoarthritis, or osteoporosis, represent common and severe clinical problems. Each year, over 6 million people visit hospitals in the U.S. for various knee, wrist, and ankle problems. As modern medicine...
As modern medicine advances, it is still very challenging to cure joint defects due to their poor inherent regenerative capacity, complex stratified architecture, and disparate biomechanical properties. The current clinical standard for catastrophic or late stage joint degradation is a total...