This numerical research studies the effect of considering total body out-of-flatness pattern on design strength of typical steel bridge girders constructed in the United States with the purpose of modifying the current American Welding Society (AWS) out-of-flatness allowances accepted by American...
The physics of smoke deposition from a hot layer to a wall has been studied in a hood apparatus. The hood apparatus was specifically designed to study the smoke deposition based on thermophoresis experimentally and analytically in this work. For the first time the optical density method was used...